Lecture 17notes Cell Biol Ch8 p.356-375

Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Model for eucaryotes; also simplest focus of caloric restriction.

ARS = cloned element containing origin of replication (His ^- auxotrophs vs. prototrophs)

SV-40 (all of previous generation exposed in polio vaccines).

Parasitizes host DNA replication system machinery for all but T antigen (hyper-replication)

Eucaryotes' DNA polymerases alpha (lagging + subunit = primase) and delta (leading).

Procaryote replicating fork moves 500 nucleotides/second. Eucaryotes = 50 nucleotides/sec.

Origins 30-300KB apart.

Pulse-chase expt. applied to Okazaki fragments.

GC-rich bands (housekeeping; active genes) replicated before AT-rich.

S + G1 nucleus = DNA synthesis in G1 nucleus; S + G2 nucleus = no synthesis in G2 nucleus

Histone upregulation of synthesis and increased stability of mRNA during S phase

Telomerase extension of "lagging strand" end (RNA template= part of telomerase)

Dolly: 9 years old telomer age at birth

1% of DNA copied to RNA (mRNA tRNA rRNA). At 20X rate of DNA replication.

Pol I (rRNA); Pol II (proteins;very selective); PolIII (small rRNA and tRNA)

alpha amanitin = poison of A. phalloides selective poison. (A. muscaria = Nordic muscarene

5'cap = signal to protect from degradation

poly-A