Immunology sample exam questions used in previous semesters. May not be pertinent to current semester!
1. There are _______ common amino acids in proteins. a.5 b.10 c.20 d.40 e.more than 40
c
2. The critical determining factor for specificity of immune recognition is a.primary structure b.secondary structure c.hydrophibic interaction d.surface structure e.none of these is important
d
3. "Decimate" means to a.kill almost all b.kill 10% c.kill 90% d.make almost all individuals sick e.make almost all individuals inactive
b
4.___________is safer. a.vaccination b.variolation
b
5.____________ is antigenic. a.Protein b.Lipid c.Nucleic acid d.all of these e.two of these
d
6. A(n)________ is a molecule that is not antigenic, but can be recognized by antibody. a.vaccine b.adjuvant c.hapten d.agglutinin e.none of these
c
7. Your immune system tends to ignore__________ molecules. a.no b.very small c.positively charged d.negatively charged e.uncharged
b
8. ____________ involves coating and preparation for phagocytosis. a.Granulation b.Degranulation c.Granuloma formation d.Vasculation e.Opsonization
e
9. Globulins are insoluble in a.dilute salt b.dilute acid c.dilute base d.water e.globulins are soluble in all of these
d
10. "Heavy" and "light" chains are held together by a.peptide bonds b.disulfide bonds c.ionic bonds d.hydrophilic interactions e.none of these
b
11. There are______________classes of immunoglobulins. a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 e.5
e
12. Of the forces holding antigen and antibody together, _ are the most significant. a.electrostatic b.Van der Waals c.hydrogen bonding d.hydrophilic e.hydrophobic
e
13. Ig_ is largest. a.M b.G c.E d.D e.all of these are the same sizes
a
14. Ig_ is most abundant in serum. a.M b.G c.D d.E e.none of these is particularly abundant
b
15. Ig_ is much more prevalent on membrane surfaces than in serum. It probably plays a role in immune regulation. a-M b-A c.D d-E e.G
c
16. Ig_ is responsible for allergies. a.M b.A c.D d.E e.G
e
17. A structure on the heavy chain of a particular immunoglobulin class that differs from that of other individuals in the same species is an example of a(n) a.tautomer b.immunogen c.allotype d.isotype e.none of these
c
18. The anamnestic response consists almost entirely of Ig_ a.M b.A c.D d.E e.G
e
19. The test is used for tuberculosis testing. a.schick b.dick c.ausria D.VDRL e.Mantoux
e
20. Radiolabelled will go into DNA, but not RNA. a.Uracil b.Thymine c.Guanine d.Cytosine e.Adenine
b
21. A(n)________--graft involves movement of tissue from one species to another
a.auto b.allo c.iso d.xeno e.none of these
d
22. A(n) - -graft involves transplantation of tissue between
genetically identical animals a.auto b.syn c.allo d.iso e.two of these
e
23. The MHC is on chromosome #- in humans and #- in mice. a.1;6 b.17;6 c.2;6 d.6;2 e.none of these
e
24. Can anti-idiotypic serum be raised in the same animal from which an antibody is derived? a.yes b.no
a
25. incompatibility at the H- locus will result in most rapid rejection of a graft. a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 e.all of these are equally important for graft rejection
b
26. If 6 unlinked loci control histocompatibility, you would expect
about I/ _____ of the F2 offspring from a hexahybrid cross to accept grafts from the parentals. a.4 b.3 c.16 d.32 e.64
e
27. Exclusion chromatography is usually used to separate molecules based
on their a.sizes b.charges c.immunoaffinity d.antigenic specificity e.heterogeneity
a
28. A sips plot is useful for determining a.affinity b.size c.specificity d.heterogeneity e.none of these
d
29. Equilibrium dialysis is useful for determining a.size b.specificity c.affinity d.rate of diffusion e.concentration of ligand
c
30. An antigenic determinant traverses about__________ amino acids. a.1 b.5 c.10 d.20 e.much more than 20
b
(The correct answer to this is now thought to be more than 5)
31. Grafting a CBA tumor from a CBA parent to an Fl resulting from a cross of CBA with BALB/C will probably result in a.rejection of the graft b.killing of cancerous cells, but acceptance of the normal cells cogeneration of monoclonal antibodies degeneration of a "second set" response e.death of the Fl mouse
e
( A dedicated student would spend many hours "surfing the WEB" to understand this one, but, in fact, the subject has not yet been covered in this course)
1. According to Marrack's hypothesis, maximal precipitation will occur when_______is present in excess. a.antibody b.antigen c.neither antigen nor antibody
c
2. The specificities of the two combining surfaces of a typical antibody are a.identical b.completely unrelated c.similar, since the heavy chains are the same d.similar, since the light chains are the same e.sometimes similar, sometimes unrelated
a
3. The strength with which antibody binds to antigen is its
a.specificity b.memory c.class nature d.avidity e.none of these
d
4. During gel permeation chromatography, a large molecule will travel a.faster b.slower c.size has nothing to do with rate of travel
a
5. An antigenic determinant traverses about . amino acid(s). a.1 b.2 c.5 d.10 e.more than 10
c
6. Equilibrium dialysis is often used to quantitate antibody a.concentration b.specificity c.affinity d.class e.none of these
c
7.________ would probably enable a researcher to accomplish the greatest purification in a single step. a.ammonium sulfate precipitation b.hemagglutination c.immunoaffinity chromatography d.gel permeation chromatography e.Ouchterlony chromatography
c
8. The survival value of cell-mediated immunity to the normal organism probably involves a.hypersensitivity b.graft rejection c.tolerance induction d.defense against intracellular parasites e.all of these
d
9. A genetic difference in mice at the H- locus would most likely result in graft rejection. a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 e.all of these would be equal
b
10. Genetic differences in histocompatibility will result in_______ of transplanted tumor cells. a.death b.acceptance
a
11. With respect to antigen binding, IgG has a valence of _. a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 e.much more than 4
b
12. HAT medium will select for a _____ cell. a.myeloma b.B c.hybridoma d.all of these e.two of these
c
13. A purified protein solution contains two very similar proteins. Which would be most likely to resolve the two proteins? a.gel permeation chromatography b.Ouchterlony immunodiffusion c.immunoelectrophoresis d.radial immunodiffusion e.the interfacial ring test
c
14. Ig is best at crosslinking. a.M b.A c.D d.E e.G
A
15. A very sensitive test will have a low rate of false a.positives b.negatives
b
16. A graft versus host reaction is usually identified by a.a foot-pad assay b.the one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction c.sloughing off of tissue d.an enlarged spleen e.complement fixation
d
17. "Reagin" is also known as Ig_ a.M b.A c.D d.E e.G
d
18. Protein is often monitored by measuring absorbance of light with a wavelength of _ nanometers. a.260 b.280 c.300 d.600 e.660
b
19. The Mantoux test is used for evaluation of a.thyroid condition b.syphilis exposure c.sensitivity to poison ivy d.ability to serve as an organ donor e.none of these
e
20. Delayed type hypersensitivity is a part of a.humoral immunity b.macrophage immunity c.cell-mediated immunity d.Koch's postulates E.MHC immunity
c
22. Cell-mediated immunity to virus infection can most effectively be transferred by _ cells a.T b.B c.macrophage
a
23. In order for a presenting cell to stimulate a T cell specific for a sensitizing antigen, the presenting cell and the T cell must be different with respect to MHC a.true b.false
b
24. In humans, B cells undergo terminal differentiation in the a.thymus b.bone marrow c.spleen d.lymph nodes e.Peyer's patches
b
25. If the Bursa is removed from a chicken it will a.fail to make antibodies b.be normal, if removal is done to an adult c.fail to make T cells d.not reject grafts e.become anemic
a
26. During immunofluorescence, a configuration in which antigen joins together two antibody molecules occurs in the method a.direct b.indirect c.sandwich
c
28. Most immature T cells eventually leave the thymus to become circulating cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues a.true b.false
b
29. Plasma cells are generated by _ cells a.T b.B.c.macrophage d.dendritic e.none of these
b
1. tissue serves in the development of immunocompetent
lymphocytes. a.lymph node b.spleen c.Peyer's patch d.thymus e.all of these
d
2. Stem cells have not undergone terminal differentiation, can divide without limit, and can give rise to daughter cells that can either be stem cells, or can embark on a path toward terminal differentiation. a.true b.false
a
3. A- mouse would be least likely to reject a skin graft from a human. a.Balb/C B.CBA c.nude d.B.10 e.all of these would equally reject a human skin graft
c
4. The "Bursal equivalent" in man is probably the a.liver b.spleen c.bone marrow
7. is an antigen presenting cell a.macrophage b.T cell c.dendritic cell d.B cell e.more than one of these
e
8. Do histocompatibility antigens have a role in recognition of virus-infected cells? a.yes b.no
a
9. The "constant" region of antibodies is very similar to that of the T cell receptor. a.true b.false
b
10. The very same "minigenes" are used for synthesizing antibodies that are used in constructing T cell receptor. a.true b.false
b
11. In order to provoke a response, carrier and hapten often must be on the same molecule. This is called a.linkage disequilibrium B.MHC restriction c.aplastic immunogenicity d.complementation e.linked association
e
12. K cells are nonphagocytic and nonadherent. They are cytotoxic and kill opsonized cells. a.true b.false
a
14. Specificity of complement-mediated killing primarily results from a.antibody b.Cl c.C3 d.properdin e.anaphylatoxin
a
15. The primary role of complement in killing invaders results from its ability to provoke cell lysis. a.true b.false
b
16. The complement cascade is involved in a.solubilization of immune complexes b.lysing cells c.inflammation d.phagocytosis e.all of the above
e
17. Stem cells in the bone marrow give rise to a.erythrocytes b.macrophages c.lymphocytes d.basophils e.all of these
e
18. CMI is primarily mediated by a.B cells b.T cells c.macrophages d.complement e.all of these contribute equally b
20. How would you expect a nude mouse to respond to a T-independent antigen? a.more vigorously b.less vigorously c.not at all d.about the same as a normal mouse e.less vigorously at first, then more vigorously
a
21. Coinjection of specific antibody along with a sensitizing antigen
will often result in production of higher-affinity antibody. Would you expect more or fewer B cells to be responding? a.more b.fewer
b
22. A cell would be more likely to create a combining surface (on either antibody or other receptor) that recognizes a determinant buried deep withing the target molecule. a.B b.T
b
23. Following papain hydrolysis, will the Fab of IgG precipitate antigen? a.yes b.no
b
24. The region where the Fc and Fab join is called the region. a.switch b.domain c.hinge d.neck e.none of these
c
25. Some classes of immunoglobulin use kappa light chains, while others use lambda light chains. a.true b.false
b
26. The terminal halves of antibodies show greater diversity. a.N b.C c.both are equivalent
a
27. Granulomas are most often associated with a.Graves disease B.AIDS c.histoplasmosis d.tuberculosis e.none of these
d
1. Freund's incomplete antigen contains a.oil b.detergent c.killed Mycobacteria d.all of these e.two of these
e
2. Tolerance can sometimes be adoptively transferred. a.true b.false
a
3. Will the Fl offspring from a cross of a CBA mouse with a Balb C accept a skin graft from a CBA mouse? a.yes b.no
a
4. If a CBA mouse is crossed with a Balb C, will the CBA parent accept a graft from the Fl offspring? a.yes b.no
b
5. Which component of the DPT vaccine is currently most controversial? a.D b.P c.T
b
6. immunity results from a parasite rendering a host immune to superinfection by subsequent invaders of the same type. a.active b.passive c.degenerate d.concommitant e.none of these
d
7. Infection with an influenza strain usually results in lifelong immunity. a.true b.false
a
8. Suppressor T cells may be involved in tolerance through their normal suppressive functions. a.true b.false
a
9. The classical and alternative pathways come together in C- a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 e.5
c
10. Properdin is involved in the _ pathway for complement fixation. a.classical b.alternative
b
11. Surveillance is probably most effective against viruses, not tumor cells. a.true b.false
a
12. There are very many known antigens that are unique to tumor cells. a.true b.false
14. Deficiencies in individual nutrients, such as zinc, selenium, copper, iron, and folate can affect immune functioning. a.true b.false
a
15. The HIV virus contains, as genetic information, a.double-stranded DNA b. single-stranded RNA c.single-stranded DNA d.two copies of single-stranded RNA e.none of these
d
16. Throughout the course of HIV development, there is a steady rise in viremia and fall in CD4+ cell counts within the patient. a.true b.false
b
17. There is often a strong family history of atopy in allergic individuals. a.true b.false
a
1. Can immune reactions participate in the inflammatory response a.yes b.no
a
2. A (n).. will probably infect more people. a.epidemic b.pandemic
b
4. cells can be tolerized a.T b.B c.both B and T
c
5. Tolerance can be induced in all types of cell-mediated responses. a.true b.false
a
6. An Rh incompatible mother demonstrating ABO incompatibility with her first child will be more likely to have a second child with hemolytic disease of the newborn than would a similar mother with ABO compatibility. a.true b.false
b
7. In grafting skin from animals from the same inbred mouse lines, a graft from a to a would be more likely to be rejected. a.male;female b.female;male c.neither of these should be more likely to result in rejection
a
8. Listeria, Leishmania, and Legionella are similar in that a.they provoke tolerance b.they can survive inside phagocytes c.they will
not provoke antibody production d.they cause complement destruction e.none of these
b
10. Your text presents evidence that environmental pollution may be partly responsible for increasing rates of allergies. a.true b.false
a
11. Antibodies to a receptor are important in a.Goodpasteur's Syndrome b.Pemphigus C.SLE d.myasthenia gravis e.none of these
d
12. NZB/NZW rabbits are often used as a model system for a.complement deficiency B.HDN c.allergic encephalomyelitis d.autoimmune disease e.none of these
d
13. Granuloma formation is driven by T-cell activation of macrophages, and is dependent on TNF. a.true b.false
a
14. generally takes longest to develop. a.contact hypersensitivity b.tuberculin-type hypersensitivity c.granulomatous hypersensitivity
c
15. Crohn's disease involves the a.stomach b.liver c.intestines d.heart e.pancreas
c
2. Hay fever, hives, and asthma are all examples of a.systemic anaphylaxis b.immune complex disorders c.antibody mediated hypersensitivities d.local anaphylaxis e.none of these
d
3. "Atopic" individuals have a.more IgE b.a greater proportion of IgE receptors on sensitive cells c.a genetic predisposition to developing allergies d.all of these e.two of these
d
4. "Farmer's lung" is caused by a.IgE b.an Arthus reaction
c.autoreactive IgM d.immune complexes in the kidneys e.none of these
b
5. IgE has absolutely no beneficial effect. a.true b.false
b
6. Is it likely that the potential for developing an autoimmune disease has a genetic basis? a.yes b.no
a
8. Will a person immunologically respond to an antigen from a "priviledged site" in his own body? a.yes b.no
a
9. HDN has been practically eliminated by a.transfusion b.genetic counselling c.plasmapharesis d.Rhogam e.none of these
d
10. Myesthenia gravis is caused by a.anti-Rh antibodies b.IgE c.anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies d.anti-acetylcholine antibodies e.none of these
c
11. Some immunopathologies result from autoantibodies binding to cellular hormone receptors and causing malfunctions in the target cell. a.true b.false
a
12. A person lacking in both B and T cells suffers from a.X-linked agammaglobulinemia B.SCID c.thymic hypoplasia d.common variable agammaglobulinemia e.none of these
b
13. Transplant recipients experience higher rates of many forms of cancer. a.true b.false
a
15. CEA is an example of a TSTA. a-true b.false
b
16. Immediate hypersensitivities are caused by a.T lymphocytes b-antigen-antibody complexes c.various antibodies d.IgE e.none of these
d
17. Crosslinking of the Fc-epsilon receptors on basophils and mast cells causes a.immediate hypersensitivity B.DTH c.degranulation d.antibody production e.none of these
c
18. Grave's disease involves antibodies that bind to the a.neurotransmitter b.acetylcholine receptor c.kidney membranes d.lungs e.thyroid
e
28. Most immature T cells eventually leave the thymus to become circulating cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues a.true b.false
b
29. Plasma cells are generated by _ cells a.T b.B.c.macrophage d.dendritic e.none of these
b
1. tissue serves in the development of immunocompetent
lymphocytes. a.lymph node b.spleen c.Peyer's patch d.thymus e.all of these
d
2. Stem cells have not undergone terminal differentiation, can divide without limit, and can give rise to daughter cells that can either be stem cells, or can embark on a path toward terminal differentiation. a.true b.false
a
3. A- mouse would be least likely to reject a skin graft from a human. a.Balb/C B.CBA c.nude d.B.10 e.all of these would equally reject a human skin graft
c
5. During transit from tissues to the thoracic duct, all lymph must normally pass through at least one lymph node. a.true b.false
a
6. In physical appearance, T and B cells can be easily distinguished based on a.size b.surface structure c.possession of granules d.location of ribosomes e.T and B cells can not be easily distinguished based on appearance
e
7. The average red blood cell has a half-life of a few months, while a lymphocyte can live for years. a.true b.false
a
8. "Antigen suicide" experiments lead support to the theory. a.instruction b.germline c.somatic mutation d.clonal selection e.none of these
d
9. A large dose of antigen will generally cause production of antibody that is in affinity. a.high b.low c.neither high, nor low, since amount of antigen is unrelated to antibody affinity
b
10. Toxoplasmosis in a pregnant woman is most serious if her specific antibody is Ig... a.M b.A c.D d.E e.G
a
12. Appreciable concentrations of IgD are found in a.mucous b.a lymphocyte membrane c.the thymus d.bone marrow e.serum
b
13. Acting alone,.. would be most likely to cause basophil degranulation. a.IgE b.histamine c.antibody to IgE receptor d.IgM e.none of these
c
14. would, in isolation, probably bind more tightly to its antigen. a.A light chain b.A heavy chain
b
15. An affinity label from an antigen would be most likely to attach to an amino acid from the region. a.complementarity determining b.framework c.Fc
a
16. Separate genes, on different chromosomes, encode information for light and heavy chains. a.true b.false
a
18. The receptor on a B cell that enables it to receive a mitogenic signal is a.the alpha-beta complex b.the gamma-delta complex c.CD3 d.immunoglobulin e.all of these
d
19. isotype(s) is (are) found on the surfaces of virgin mature B cells. a.IgM b.IgA c.IgD d.IgE e.two of these
e
20. Which would be most likely to be a thymus-independent antigen? A.DNP B.TNP C.OVA d.pneumococcal polysaccharide e.all of these would be equally likely to be TI antigens
d
21. All the receptors on any one B lymphocyte have identical binding sites for antigen. a.true b.false
a
22. CDB+ and CD4+ cells are, respectively restricted by class - and class- molecules. A.II;I B.I;II C.II;III D.III;II e.no correlation has been shown
b
23. T cells are extremely alloreactive. a.true b.false a
a
1. The combining surfaces of chains have greater potential diversity. a.heavy b.light c.both are equal
a
2. The most likely explanation for the observation that, in a plasmacytoma, one copy of chromosome 12 contains genes that are expressed while the second copy contains a defective gene (for heavy chain production) is a.clonal selection balletic exclusion c.error-prone DNA rearrangement d.somatic mutation e.clonal amplification
c
3. During antibody production, introns are removed by a.proteases B.DNA rearrangement c.mRNA splicing d.the class switch e.somatic recombination
c
4. Does the idiotype usually change during the class switch? a.yes b.no
b
5. T cells, like B cells, bind soluble antigen. a.true b.false
b
6. T cell stimulation can be assayed by observing a.antibody release