Micro Lecture 27 Notes Chapter 27 p.718-753 Systemic Infections

Outer barrier: plant waxy cuticle, human skin. Crude but effective. I.V. drug abusers' "tracks"

from bacterial infection of needle entry. I.V. drug abuse "risky"; addiction is unpredictable.

Like teeth, major exclusionary property of endocardium is smoothness. Minor damage= trouble.

Vegetations shield microbes from immune, antibiotics. Acute/subacute endocarditis. Serious.

Myocarditis: U.S. viral, S. America protozoal. Chagas' Disease: Trypanosoma cruzi. Nifurtimox if diagnosed. Many organs affected.

Pericarditis: Viral no problem, bacterial life threatening. Pericardectomy can save life! (Drastic)

Bacteremia (O.K.) Septicemia (Usually die, even with care)

Plague: quarantine= stand off harbor 40 days (now, isolate). Periodically killed 1/4 - 1/3 in Europe. Kill or block rats. Warfarin resistance The Plague Albert Camus. Depressing, common human history.

Essays: Pneumococcal Bacteremia, Steamships and Plague, Tularemia; bacterial infections almost "written off", but all are "here to stay". Smallpox = exception, polio eradication delayed.

Brucella, Francisella, Yersinia resist phagolysosomal enzymes. Lyme disease; Bully-eye rash. Serodiagnosis unreliable.

Relapsing fever: >3 species. Epidemic Borrelia recurrentis from body louse;crowded, unsanitary

Endemic (several Borrelia sp.) Tick-transmitted.

Anthrax: Recent fame. Cutaneous and respiratory same agent. Bacillus anthracis. FBI questionairre: How can we find out who trained with Bacillus thuringiensis? Thuricide=spores.

Cat scratch fever: Bartonella henselae. Obvious mode of transmission. Swollen nodes, etc.

RMSF: Obligate intracellular parasite; Rickettsia rickettsii. Blood clots. Untreated 20% die.

Typhus: great biological warfare agent. Crowded, lice-infested trenches (WWI horrible lice).

Viral infections: Yellow fever (Aedes aegypti mosquito). Stopped Panama Canal construction.

EBV associated with Burkitt's Lymphoma in Africa, infectious mononucleosis in U.S.

HIV; AIDS. Inevitable progression of HIV⁺ to AIDS? Almost so... "results have been mixed because of difficulties in modifying behaviors." Like depart to kill, have sex AGAIN.

Ebola: another great warfare agent. 92% lethality. Congolese outbreak (great increase in numbers) handled with anti-smallpox techniques (draconian)

Malaria, toxoplasmosis, Babesiosis: see text.

Schistosomiasis: quite interesting. Replaced malaria as #1 tropical disease. "Wipe out Biomphilaria glabratta?" Tried! Effective public health measure: outhouses.

Great source of increase: U.N. water projects. Aswan high dam, irrigation projects, etc.

Wuchereria bancroftii elephantiasis (filariasis). Lymph return blocked.