APPENDIX K

CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS

 

Table 1: Summary Evaluations of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans from chemicals, Industrial Processes and Industries

Table 2: Chemicals for which there is sufficient Evidence of Carcinogenicity in Experimental Animals

Table 3: Substances or Groups of Substances, and Technological or Manufacturing Processes that are Known to be Carcinogenic

Table 4: Substances or Groups of Substances that may Reasonably be Anticipated to be Carcinogens

Table 5: Carcinogens Regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

54

CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS

Table 1. Summary Evaluations of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans from Chemicals, Industrial Processes and Industries (IARC Monographs Vol 1-29).

_________________________________________________________________

Chemical/Process Evidence/ Evidence/ Evidence/ Summary or Industry Human Animal Bioassay

Evaluation

_________________________________________________________________

Acrylonitrile

Limited

Sufficient

Sufficient

2A

Actinomycin D

Inadequate

Limited

Sufficient

2B

Adrimycin

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2B

Aflatoxin

Limited

Sufficient

Sufficient

2A

Aldrin

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

4-Aminobiphenyl

Sufficient

Sufficient

Sufficient

1

Amitrole

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

Anesthetic gases

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

Analgesic Mixtures

       

(with Phenacetin)

Sufficient

Limited

No Data

1

(with Phenacetin)

Limited

Sufficient

Limited

2A

Aniline

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Arsenic and

       

arsenic Compounds

Sufficient

Inadequate

Limited

1

Asbestos

Sufficient

Sufficient

Inadequate

1

Auramine (technical

       

grade)

Limited

Limited

Sufficient

2B

Auramine Production

Sufficient

-

-

1

Azathioprine

Sufficient

Limited

Sufficient

1

Benzene

Sufficient

Limited

Limited

1

Benzidine

Sufficient

Sufficient

Sufficient

1

Benzidine-based dyes

       

(Direct Black 38)

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

(Direct Blue 6)

Inadequate

Sufficient

No Data

2B

(Direct Brown 95)

Inadequate

Limited

No Data

2B

Beryllium and certain

       

beryllium compounds

Limited

Sufficient

Inadequate

2A

N,N-Bis (2-chloroethyl)-

       

2-naphthylamine

Sufficient

Limited

Limited

1

Bischloroethyl

       

nitrosourea (BCNU)

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2B

 

 

55

_________________________________________________________________

Chemical/Process Evidence/ Evidence/ Evidence/ Summary or Industry Human Animal Bioassay

Evaluation

_________________________________________________________________

N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)

       

2-naphthylamine

Sufficient

Limited

Limited

1

Bischloroethyl

       

nitrosourea (BCNU)

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2B

Bis(chloromethyl)

       

ether

Sufficient

Sufficient

Adequate

1

Bleomycins

Inadequate

Inadequate

Sufficient

3

1,4-Butanedio dimethane

       

sulphonate (myleran)

Sufficient

Limited

Sufficient

1

Cadmium and certain

       

cadmium compounds

Limited

Sufficient

Sufficient

2B

Carbon tetrachloride

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

Chlorabucil

Sufficient

Sufficient

Sufficient

1

Chloramphenicol

Limited

Inadequate

Inadequate

2B

Chlordane

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclo-

       

hexyl-1 nitrosourea (CCRU)

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2B

Chlorinated toluenes

       

(production of)

       

Benzyl chloride

Inadequate

Limited

Sufficient

3

Benzoyl chloride

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

Benzotrichloride

Inadequate

Sufficient

Limited

2B

Chloroform

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

Chlorophenols

Limited

-

-

2B

Chloroprene

Inadequate

Inadequate

Sufficient

3

Chromium and certain

       

chromium compounds

Sufficient

Sufficient

Sufficient

1

     

(Cr VI)

 
     

Inadequate

 
     

(Cr III)

 

Cisplatin

Inadequate

Limited

Sufficient

2B

Clofibrate

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Clomiphene

Inadequate

Inadequate

No Data

3

Cyclamates

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Cyclophosphamide

Sufficient

Sufficient

Sufficient

1

2,4-D and esters

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

 

56

_________________________________________________________________

Chemical/Process Evidence/ Evidence/ Evidence/ Summary or Industry Human Animal Bioassay

Evaluation

_________________________________________________________________

Dicarbazine

Inadequate

Sufficient

Limited

2B

Dapson

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

DDT

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

o-Dichlorobenzene

       

p-Dichlorobenzene

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2B

Dichloromethane

Inadequate

Inadequate

Limited

3

Dieldrin

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Diethyl sulphate

Limited

Sufficient

Sufficient

2A

1,4-Dioxane

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

Epichlorohydrin

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

Ethylene dibromide

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2B

Ethylene oxide

Inadequate

Limited

Sufficient

2B

Ethylene thiourea

Inadequate

Sufficient

Limited

2B

5-Fluorouracil

Inadequate

Inadequate

Limited

3

Formaldehyde

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2B

Hexachlorocyclo-

       

hexane

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Hydralazine

Inadequate

Limited

Sufficient

3

Hydrazine

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2B

Isonicotinic acid

       

hydrazide

Inadequate

Limited

Limited

3

Lead and lead

       

compounds

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

3

Melphalan

Sufficient

Sufficient

Sufficient

1

6-Mercaptopurine

Inadequate

Inadequate

Sufficient

3

Methotrexate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Sufficient

3

Methronidazole

Inadequate

Sufficient

Limited

2B

Mustard (H)

Sufficient

Limited

Sufficient

1

1-Naphthylamine

Inadequate

Inadequate

Sufficient

3

2-Naphthylanine

Sufficient

Sufficient

Sufficient

1

Nickel and certain

       

nickel compounds

Limited

Sufficient

Inadequate

2A

Nitrogen mustard

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2A

Oestrogens

       

Dienoestrol

Limited

Inadequate

Inadequate

2B

DES

Sufficient

Sufficient

Inadequate

1

Ethinyloestradiol

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

Mestranol

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

 

57

_________________________________________________________________

Chemical/Process Evidence/ Evidence/ Evidence/ Summary or Industry Human Animal Bioassay

Evaluation

_________________________________________________________________

Oestradiol-17 Beta

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

Oestrone

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

Progestins

       

Chlormadinone acetate

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Dimethisterone

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

Ethynodiol diacetate

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Lyncestrenol

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Megestrol acetate

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Norethisterone

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

Norethymodrel

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Norgestrel

Inadequate

Inadequate

No Data

3

Progesterone

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

Oxymetholone

Limited

No Data

No Data

2A

Pentachlorophenol

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

Phenazopyridine

Inadequate

Sufficient

No Data

2B

Phenelzine

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Phenobarbital

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Phenylbutazone

Inadequate

No Data

Inadequate

3

N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

Phenyton

Limited

Limited

Inadequate

2B

Polychlorimated biphenyls

Inadequate

Sufficient

Inadequate

2B

Prednisone

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

Procarbizine

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2A

Propylthiouracil

Inadequate

Sufficient

No Data

2B

Reserpine

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Saccharin

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

Soots, tars and oils

Sufficient

Sufficient

-

1

Benzo(a)pyrene

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2A

Spironolactone

Inadequate

Limited

No Data

3

Styrene

Inadequate

Limited

Sufficient

3

Styrene oxide

Inadequate

Limited

Sufficient

3

Sulfafurazole

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

Sulfamethoxazole

Inadequate

Limited

Inadequate

3

2,4,5-T and esters

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

58

_________________________________________________________________ Chemical/Process Evidence/ Evidence/ Evidence/ Summary or Industry Human Animal Bioassay

Evaluation

_________________________________________________________________

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol

Inadequate

Inadequate

No Data

3

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

Inadequate

Sufficient

No Data

2B

Tris(azinidinyl)-para-

       

benzoquone (Triaziquone)

Inadequate

Limited

Sufficient

2B

Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine-

       

sulphide (Thiotepa)

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2B

Uracil mustard

Inadequate

Sufficient

Sufficient

2B

Vinblastine

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

Vincristine

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

3

Vinyl chloride

Sufficient

Sufficient

Sufficient

1

Vinylidene chloride

Inadequate

Limited

Sufficient

3

_______________

Notes on the summary evaluations:

Category 1. There is sufficient evidence to establish a causal

relationship between the chemical and human cancer.

Category 2. This category is divided into groups 2A and 2B. The

chemical is probably carcinogenic to humans.

Category 2A. Reserved for chemicals for which there was

at least limited evidence of carcinogenicity

to humans.

Category 2B. Refers to the combination of sufficient

evidence for animals, and inadequate

evidence for humans.

Category 3. Chemicals which cannot be classified because the evidence for animals and humans is inadequate to make an evaluation.

 

59

 

 

Table 2. chemicals for which there is Sufficient Evidence of Carcinogenicity in Experimental Animals (IARC Supplement4).

_________________________________________________________________

ortho-Aminoazotoluene

2-Amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole

ortho-Anisidine

Aramite

Azaserine

Benzotrichloride

Benzyl violet 4B

Beryllium metal

Beryllium oxide

Beryllium sulphate

beta-Butyrolactone

Cadmium chloride

Cadmium oxide

Cadmium sulphate

Cadmium sulphide

Calcium chromate

Chlordecone (Kepone)

4Chloro-ortho-phenylendediamine

Citrus Red No. 2

para-Cresidine

Cyasin

Daunomycin

N,N'-Diacetylbenzidine

2,4-Diaminoanisole sulphate

4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether

2,4-Diaminotoluene

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane

3,3'-Dichlaro-4,4' diaminodiphenyl ether

1,2-Dichloroethane

Diepoxybutane

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DOP)

1,2-Diethylhydrazine

Dihydrosafrole

para-Dimethylaminoazobenzene

trans-2[(Dimethylamino)methylimino]-5[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole

3,3'-Dimethlbenzidine (ortho-Tolidine)

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine

Direct Black 38 (technical grade)

Direct Blue 6 (technical grade)

 

60

Ethyl methanesulphonate

2-(2-Formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole

Glycidaldehyde

Hexachlorobenzene

Hexamethylphosphoramide

Isosafrole

Lasiocarpine

Lead acetate

Lead chromate

Lead phosphate

Lead subacetate

Merphalan

2-Methylaziridine

Methylazoxymethanol

4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)

4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline)

Methyl iodide

Methyl methanesulphonate

2-Methyl-1-nitroanthraquinone

N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoquanidine

methylthiouracil

Mirex

Mytomicin C

Monocrotaline

5-(Morpholinomethyl)-3[5-nitrofurfurylidene) amino]-2-oxazolidinone

Nafenopin

Nickel subsulphide

Niridazole

5-Nitroacenaphthene

1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidine)amino]-2-imidiazolidinone

N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-hiazolyl]acetamide

Nitrogen mustard N-oxide

2-Nitropropane

N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine

N-Nitrosodiethanolamine

N-Nitrosodiethylamine

N-Nitrosodimethylamine

N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine

N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea

N-Nitrosomethylethylamine

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea

N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane

N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine

N-Nitrosomorpholine

N'-Nitrosonornicotine

N-Nitrosopiperidine

61

N-Nitrosopyrrolidine

N-Nitrososarcosine

Oil orange SS

Panfuran S

Phenoxybenzamine

Ponceau MX

Ponceau 3R

1,3-Propane sulton

B-Propiolacetone

Safrole

Sintered calcium chromate

Sintered chromium trioxide

Sodium saccharin

Sterigmatocystin

Streptozotocin

Strontium chromate

Testosterone

Thioacetamide

4,4'-Thiodianiline

Toxaphene

Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate

Trypan blue (commercial grade)

Urethane

Zinc beryllium silicate

Zinc chromate

_____________________

Note: Chemicals listed in this table are classified as Category 2B. Specific beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and lead compounds listed in this table take precedence over the classification in Table 1.

 

  

62

 

 

Table 3. substances or Groups of Substances, and Technological or Manufacturing Processes that are Known to be Carcinogenic (NTP Fifth Annual Report on Carcinogens.

_________________________________________________________________

Chemical/Process Evidence in Evidence in Industry Human Animal

_________________________________________________________________

4-Aminobiphenyl

Sufficient

Sufficient

Analgesic Mixtures

   

containing Phenacetin

Sufficient

Limited

Arsenic and certain

   

arsenic compounds

Sufficient

Inadequate

Asbestos

Sufficient

Sufficient

Azathioprine

Sufficient

Limited

Benzene

Sufficient

Sufficient

Benzidine

Sufficient

Sufficient

Bis(chloromethyl)ether

   

and technical grade

   

chloromethyl methyl ether

Sufficient

Sufficient

1,4-Butianediol dimethyl

   

sulfonate (Myleran)

Sufficient

Limited

Chlorambucil

Sufficient

Sufficient

Chromium and certain

   

chromium compounds

Sufficient

Sufficient

Conjugated Estrogens

Sufficient

Inadequate

Cyclophosphamide

Sufficient

Sufficient

Diethylstilbestrol

Sufficient

Sufficient

Melphalan

Sufficient

Sufficient

Mustard gas

Sufficient

Limited

2-Naphthylamine

Sufficient

Sufficient

Nickel refining

Sufficient

Sufficient

Rubber industry

Sufficient

-

Soots, tars, and mineral oils

Sufficient

Sufficient

Thorium dioxide

Sufficient

-

Vinyl chloride

Sufficient

Sufficient

___________________

Note: These chemicals are equivalent to the Category I classification used by IARC. A dash (-) indicates no data was available for review.

 

63

 

 

Table 4. Substances or Groups Of Substances that may Reasonably be

Anticipated to be Carcinogens (NTP Fifth Annual Report on Carcinogens).

_________________________________________________________________

Chemical/Process Evidence in Evidence in Industry Human Animal

_________________________________________________________________

2-Acetylaminofluorene

Inadequate

Sufficient

Acrylonitrile

Limited

Sufficient

Adriamycin

Inadequate

Sufficient

Aflatoxins

Limited

Sufficient

2-Aminoanthraquinone

*

Sufficient

o-Aminoazotoluene

*

Sufficient

1-Amino-2-methylanthra-quinone

*

Sufficient

Amitrole

Inadequate

Sufficient

o-Anisidine and

   

o-anisidine hydrochloride

*

Sufficient

Benz(a)anthracene

*

Sufficient

Benzo(b)fluoranthene

*

Sufficient

Benzo(j)fluoranthene

*

Sufficient

Benzo(k)fluoranthene

*

Sufficient

Benzo(a)pyrene

*

Sufficient

Benzotrichloride

Inadequate

Sufficient

Beryllium and certain

   

beryllium compounds

Limited

Sufficient

Bischloroethyl nitrosourea

Inadequate

Sufficient

1,3-Butadiene

Inadequate

Sufficient

Cadmium and certain

   

cadmium compounds

Limited

Sufficient

Carbon tetrachloride

Inadequate

Sufficient

Chlorendic acid

*

Sufficient

Chlorinated Paraffins

   

(C12, 60% Chlorine)

*

Sufficient

1(2-Chloroethyl)-3-

   

Cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea . (CCNU)

Inadequate

Sufficient

Chlorform

Inadequate

Sufficient

3-Chloro-2-methylpropene

*

Sufficient

4-Chloroophenylenediamine

*

Sufficient

C.I. Basic Red 9

   

Monohydrochloride

Adequate (Magenta)

Sufficient

Para-cresidine

*

Sufficient

Cupferron

*

Sufficient

64

_________________________________________________________________

Chemical/Process Evidence in Evidence in Industry Human Animal

_________________________________________________________________

Dacarbazine

Inadequate

Sufficient

DDT

Inadequate

Sufficient

2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate

*

Sufficient

2,4-Diaminotoluene

*

Sufficient

Dibenz(a,h)acridine

*

Sufficient

Dibenz(a,j)acridine

*

Sufficient

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene

*

Sufficient

7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole

*

Sufficient

Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene

*

Sufficient

Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene

*

Sufficient

Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene

*

Sufficient

Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene

*

Sufficient

1,2-Dibromo3chloropropane

*

Sufficient

1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB)

Inadequate

Sufficient

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

Inadequate

Sufficient

3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine

Inadequate

Sufficient

1,2-Dichloroethane

*

Sufficient

Dichloromethane

   

(Methylene Chloride)

Inadequate

Sufficient

Diepoxybutane

*

Sufficient

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DOP)

*

Sufficient

Diethyl sulfate

Llmited

Sufficient

Diglycidyl Resorcinol Ether

*

Sufficient

3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine

Inadequate

Sufficient

4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene

*

Sufficient

3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine

*

Sufficient

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride

Inadequate

Sufficient

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine

*

Sufficient

Dimethyl sulfate

Inadequate

Sufficient

Dimethylvinyl chloride

*

Sufficient

1,4-Dioxane

Inadequate

Sufficient

Direct Black 38

Inadequate

Sufficient

Direct Blue 6

Inadequate

Sufficient

Epichlorohydrin

Inadequate

Sufficient

Estrogens (not conjugated)

   

Estradiol-17 beta

Inadequate

Sufficient

Estrone

Inadequate

Sufficient

Ethinylestradiol

Inadequate

Sufficient

Mestranol

*

Sufficient

Ethyl acrylate

*

Sufficient

Ethylene oxide

Inadequate

Sufficient

Ethylene thiourea

Inadequate

Sufficient

 

 

65

_________________________________________________________________

Chemical/Process Evidence in Evidence in Industry Human Animal

_________________________________________________________________

Formaldehyde (gas)

Inadequate

Sufficient

Hexachlorobenzene

*

Sufficient

Hexamethylphosphoramide

*

Sufficient

Hydrazine and hydrazine

   

sulfate

Inadequate

Sufficient

Hydrazobenzene

*

Sufficient

Indeno(1,2,3cd)pyrene

*

Sufficient

Iron dextran complex

Inadequate

Sufficient

Kepone

*

Sufficient

Lead acetate and

   

lead phosphate

Inadequate

Sufficient

Lindane and other hexachloro

   

cyclohexane isomers

Inadequate

Sufficient

2Methylaziridine

*

Sufficient

4,4'Methylenebis(2chloroanile) (MBOCA)

*

Sufficient

4, 4'Methylenebis (N, N

   

dimethyl)benzenamine

*

Sufficient

4,4'Methylenedianiline and its

   

dihydrochloride

*

Sufficient

Metronidazole

Inadequate

Sufficient

Michler's ketone

*

Sufficient

Mirex

*

Sufficient

Nickel and certain

   

nickel compounds

Inadequate

Sufficient

Nitrilotriacetic acid

*

Sufficient

5Nitrooanisidine

*

Sufficient

Nitrofen

*

Sufficient

Nitrogen mustard

Inadequate

Sufficient

2Nitropropane

*

Sufficient

Nnitrosodi*n*butylamine

*

Sufficient

Nnitrosodiethanolamine

*

Sufficient

Nnitrosodiethylamine

*

Sufficient

NNitrosodimethylamine

*

Sufficient

pNitrosodiphenylamine

*

Sufficient

Nnitrosodi*n*propylamine

*

Sufficient

NnitrosoNethylurea

*

Sufficient

NnitrosoNmethylurea

*

Sufficient

NNitrosomethylvinylamine

*

Sufficient

Nnitrosomorpholine

*

Sufficient

Nnitrosonornicotine

*

Sufficient

 

66

_________________________________________________________________

Chemical/Process Evidence in Evidence in Industry Human Animal

_________________________________________________________________

N-Nitrosopiperldine

*

Sufficient

N-Nitrosopyrrolidine

*

Sufficient

N-Nitrososarcosine

*

Sufficient

Norethisterone

Inadequate

Sufficient

4,4'-Oxydianiline

*

Sufficient

Oxymetholone

Limited

Sufficient

Phenacetin

Limited

Sufficient

Phenazopyridine

   

hydrochloride

Inadequate

Sufficient

Phenoyxbonzamine

   

hydrochloride

*

Sufficient

Phenytoin and sodium

   

salt of phenytoin

Limited

Limited

Polybrominated biphenyls

*

Sufficient

Polychlorinated biphenyls

Inadequate

Sufficient

Procarbazine, and procar-

   

bazine hydrochloride

Inadequate

Sufficient

Progesterone

Inadequate

Sufficient

1,3-Propane sultone

*

Sufficient

betaProplolactone

*

Sufficient

Propylene oxide

Inadequate

Sufficient

Propylthiouracil

Inadequate

Sufficient

ReserpIne

Inadequate

Sufficient

Saccharin

Inadequate

Sufficient

Safrole

*

Sufficient

Selenium sulfide

*

Sufficient

Streptozotocin

*

Sufficient

Sulfallate

*

Sufficient

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-

   

p-dioxin (TCDD)

Inadequate

Sufficient

Tetrachloroethylene

Inadequate

Sufficient

Thloacetamide

*

Sufficient

Thiourea

*

Sufficient

Toluene diisocyanate

*

Sufficient

o-Toluidine and o-toluidine

   

hydrochloride

Inadequate

Sufficient

Toxaphene

*

Sufficient

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

Inadequate

Sufficient

Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine

   

sulfide

Inadequate

Sufficient

 

67

_________________________________________________________________

Chemical/Process Evidence in Evidence in Industry Human Animal

_________________________________________________________________

Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate * Sufficient

Urethane

Notes: An asterick (*) indicates no data was available for review chemicals

listed with Limited evidence in humans and sufficient evidence in animals

would be equivalent to Category 2A classification used by IARC. Those

with inadequate evidence/no data in humans and sufficient evidence in

animals would be equivalent to Category 2B (See summary evaluation notes

from Table 1).

 

 

68

 

 

 

Table 5. Carcinogens Regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (29 CFR Part 1910).

_________________________________________________________________

Chemical Standard PEL(TWA)

_________________________________________________________________

Asbestos

1910.1001

0.2

fibers/cc

   

Benzene

1910.1028

1 ppm

   

5 ppm

(STEL)

   

4-Nitrophenyl

1910.1003

*

1-Naphthylamine

1910.1004

*

Methyl Chloromethyl ether

1910.1006

*

3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine

   

(and its salts)

1910.1007

*

bis-Chloromethyl ether

1910.1008

*

2-Naphthylamine

1910.1009

*

Benzidine

1910.1010

*

4-Aminodiphenyl

1910.1011

*

Ethyleneimine

1910.1012

*

Beta-Propiolactone

1910.1013

*

2-Acetylaminofluorene

1910.1014

*

4-Dinethylaminoazobenzene

1910.1015

*

N-Nitrosodimethylamine

1910.1016

*

Vinyl chloride

1910.1017

1 ppm

inorganic Arsenic

1910.1018

10 ug/m3

Coke oven emissions

1910.1029

150 ug/m3

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloro-

   

propane

1910.1044

1 ppb

Acrylonitrile

1910.1045

2 ppm

Ethylene oxide

1910.1047

1 ppm

Formaldehyde

1910.1048

2 ppm

(STEL)

   

Note: (*) indicates that no PEL has been promulgated by OSHA. Exposure shall not be permitted by any route.