APPENDIX K
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS
Table 1:
Summary Evaluations of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans from chemicals, Industrial Processes and IndustriesTable 2: Chemicals for which there is sufficient Evidence of Carcinogenicity in Experimental Animals
Table 3: Substances or Groups of Substances, and Technological or Manufacturing Processes that are Known to be Carcinogenic
Table 4: Substances or Groups of Substances that may Reasonably be Anticipated to be Carcinogens
Table 5: Carcinogens Regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
54
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS
Table 1. Summary Evaluations of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans from Chemicals, Industrial Processes and Industries (IARC Monographs Vol 1-29).
_________________________________________________________________
Chemical/Process Evidence/ Evidence/ Evidence/ Summary or Industry Human Animal Bioassay
Evaluation
_________________________________________________________________
|
Acrylonitrile |
Limited |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2A |
|
Actinomycin D |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Adrimycin |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Aflatoxin |
Limited |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2A |
|
Aldrin |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
4-Aminobiphenyl |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
1 |
|
Amitrole |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Anesthetic gases |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Analgesic Mixtures |
||||
|
(with Phenacetin) |
Sufficient |
Limited |
No Data |
1 |
|
(with Phenacetin) |
Limited |
Sufficient |
Limited |
2A |
|
Aniline |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Arsenic and |
||||
|
arsenic Compounds |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
Limited |
1 |
|
Asbestos |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
1 |
|
Auramine (technical |
||||
|
grade) |
Limited |
Limited |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Auramine Production |
Sufficient |
- |
- |
1 |
|
Azathioprine |
Sufficient |
Limited |
Sufficient |
1 |
|
Benzene |
Sufficient |
Limited |
Limited |
1 |
|
Benzidine |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
1 |
|
Benzidine-based dyes |
||||
|
(Direct Black 38) |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
(Direct Blue 6) |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
No Data |
2B |
|
(Direct Brown 95) |
Inadequate |
Limited |
No Data |
2B |
|
Beryllium and certain |
||||
|
beryllium compounds |
Limited |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2A |
|
N,N-Bis (2-chloroethyl)- |
||||
|
2-naphthylamine |
Sufficient |
Limited |
Limited |
1 |
|
Bischloroethyl |
||||
|
nitrosourea (BCNU) |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2B |
55
_________________________________________________________________
Chemical/Process Evidence/ Evidence/ Evidence/ Summary or Industry Human Animal Bioassay
Evaluation
_________________________________________________________________
|
N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl) |
||||
|
2-naphthylamine |
Sufficient |
Limited |
Limited |
1 |
|
Bischloroethyl |
||||
|
nitrosourea (BCNU) |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Bis(chloromethyl) |
||||
|
ether |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
Adequate |
1 |
|
Bleomycins |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
3 |
|
1,4-Butanedio dimethane |
||||
|
sulphonate (myleran) |
Sufficient |
Limited |
Sufficient |
1 |
|
Cadmium and certain |
||||
|
cadmium compounds |
Limited |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Carbon tetrachloride |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Chlorabucil |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
1 |
|
Chloramphenicol |
Limited |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Chlordane |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclo- |
||||
|
hexyl-1 nitrosourea (CCRU) |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Chlorinated toluenes |
||||
|
(production of) |
||||
|
Benzyl chloride |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Sufficient |
3 |
|
Benzoyl chloride |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Benzotrichloride |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Limited |
2B |
|
Chloroform |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Chlorophenols |
Limited |
- |
- |
2B |
|
Chloroprene |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
3 |
|
Chromium and certain |
||||
|
chromium compounds |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
1 |
|
(Cr VI) |
||||
|
Inadequate |
||||
|
(Cr III) |
||||
|
Cisplatin |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Clofibrate |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Clomiphene |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
No Data |
3 |
|
Cyclamates |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Cyclophosphamide |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
1 |
|
2,4-D and esters |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
56
_________________________________________________________________
Chemical/Process Evidence/ Evidence/ Evidence/ Summary or Industry Human Animal Bioassay
Evaluation
_________________________________________________________________
|
Dicarbazine |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Limited |
2B |
|
Dapson |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
DDT |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
o-Dichlorobenzene |
||||
|
p-Dichlorobenzene |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Dichloromethane |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Limited |
3 |
|
Dieldrin |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Diethyl sulphate |
Limited |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2A |
|
1,4-Dioxane |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Epichlorohydrin |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Ethylene dibromide |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Ethylene oxide |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Ethylene thiourea |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Limited |
2B |
|
5-Fluorouracil |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Limited |
3 |
|
Formaldehyde |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Hexachlorocyclo- |
||||
|
hexane |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Hydralazine |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Sufficient |
3 |
|
Hydrazine |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Isonicotinic acid |
||||
|
hydrazide |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Limited |
3 |
|
Lead and lead |
||||
|
compounds |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Melphalan |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
1 |
|
6-Mercaptopurine |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
3 |
|
Methotrexate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
3 |
|
Methronidazole |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Limited |
2B |
|
Mustard (H) |
Sufficient |
Limited |
Sufficient |
1 |
|
1-Naphthylamine |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
3 |
|
2-Naphthylanine |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
1 |
|
Nickel and certain |
||||
|
nickel compounds |
Limited |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2A |
|
Nitrogen mustard |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2A |
|
Oestrogens |
||||
|
Dienoestrol |
Limited |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
DES |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
1 |
|
Ethinyloestradiol |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Mestranol |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
57
_________________________________________________________________
Chemical/Process Evidence/ Evidence/ Evidence/ Summary or Industry Human Animal Bioassay
Evaluation
_________________________________________________________________
|
Oestradiol-17 Beta |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Oestrone |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Progestins |
||||
|
Chlormadinone acetate |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Dimethisterone |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Ethynodiol diacetate |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Lyncestrenol |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Medroxyprogesterone acetate |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Megestrol acetate |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Norethisterone |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Norethymodrel |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Norgestrel |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
No Data |
3 |
|
Progesterone |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Oxymetholone |
Limited |
No Data |
No Data |
2A |
|
Pentachlorophenol |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Phenazopyridine |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
No Data |
2B |
|
Phenelzine |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Phenobarbital |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Phenylbutazone |
Inadequate |
No Data |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Phenyton |
Limited |
Limited |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Polychlorimated biphenyls |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
2B |
|
Prednisone |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Procarbizine |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2A |
|
Propylthiouracil |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
No Data |
2B |
|
Reserpine |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Saccharin |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Soots, tars and oils |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
- |
1 |
|
Benzo(a)pyrene |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2A |
|
Spironolactone |
Inadequate |
Limited |
No Data |
3 |
|
Styrene |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Sufficient |
3 |
|
Styrene oxide |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Sufficient |
3 |
|
Sulfafurazole |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Sulfamethoxazole |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
2,4,5-T and esters |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
58
_________________________________________________________________ Chemical/Process Evidence/ Evidence/ Evidence/ Summary or Industry Human Animal Bioassay
Evaluation
_________________________________________________________________
|
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
No Data |
3 |
|
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
No Data |
2B |
|
Tris(azinidinyl)-para- |
||||
|
benzoquone (Triaziquone) |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine- |
||||
|
sulphide (Thiotepa) |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Uracil mustard |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
2B |
|
Vinblastine |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Vincristine |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
Inadequate |
3 |
|
Vinyl chloride |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
1 |
|
Vinylidene chloride |
Inadequate |
Limited |
Sufficient |
3 |
_______________
Notes on the summary evaluations:
Category 1. There is sufficient evidence to establish a causal
relationship between the chemical and human cancer.
Category 2. This category is divided into groups 2A and 2B. The
chemical is probably carcinogenic to humans.
Category 2A. Reserved for chemicals for which there was
at least limited evidence of carcinogenicity
to humans.
Category 2B. Refers to the combination of sufficient
evidence for animals, and inadequate
evidence for humans.
Category 3. Chemicals which cannot be classified because the evidence for animals and humans is inadequate to make an evaluation.
59
Table 2. chemicals for which there is Sufficient Evidence of Carcinogenicity in Experimental Animals (IARC Supplement4).
_________________________________________________________________
ortho-Aminoazotoluene
2-Amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole
ortho-Anisidine
Aramite
Azaserine
Benzotrichloride
Benzyl violet 4B
Beryllium metal
Beryllium oxide
Beryllium sulphate
beta-Butyrolactone
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium oxide
Cadmium sulphate
Cadmium sulphide
Calcium chromate
Chlordecone (Kepone)
4Chloro-ortho-phenylendediamine
Citrus Red No. 2
para-Cresidine
Cyasin
Daunomycin
N,N'-Diacetylbenzidine
2,4-Diaminoanisole sulphate
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
2,4-Diaminotoluene
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
3,3'-Dichlaro-4,4' diaminodiphenyl ether
1,2-Dichloroethane
Diepoxybutane
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DOP)
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
Dihydrosafrole
para-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
trans-2[(Dimethylamino)methylimino]-5[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole
3,3'-Dimethlbenzidine (ortho-Tolidine)
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
Direct Black 38 (technical grade)
Direct Blue 6 (technical grade)
60
Ethyl methanesulphonate
2-(2-Formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole
Glycidaldehyde
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Isosafrole
Lasiocarpine
Lead acetate
Lead chromate
Lead phosphate
Lead subacetate
Merphalan
2-Methylaziridine
Methylazoxymethanol
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline)
Methyl iodide
Methyl methanesulphonate
2-Methyl-1-nitroanthraquinone
N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoquanidine
methylthiouracil
Mirex
Mytomicin C
Monocrotaline
5-(Morpholinomethyl)-3[5-nitrofurfurylidene) amino]-2-oxazolidinone
Nafenopin
Nickel subsulphide
Niridazole
5-Nitroacenaphthene
1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidine)amino]-2-imidiazolidinone
N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-hiazolyl]acetamide
Nitrogen mustard N-oxide
2-Nitropropane
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N'-Nitrosonornicotine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
61
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
N-Nitrososarcosine
Oil orange SS
Panfuran S
Phenoxybenzamine
Ponceau MX
Ponceau 3R
1,3-Propane sulton
B-Propiolacetone
Safrole
Sintered calcium chromate
Sintered chromium trioxide
Sodium saccharin
Sterigmatocystin
Streptozotocin
Strontium chromate
Testosterone
Thioacetamide
4,4'-Thiodianiline
Toxaphene
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
Trypan blue (commercial grade)
Urethane
Zinc beryllium silicate
Zinc chromate
_____________________
Note: Chemicals listed in this table are classified as Category 2B. Specific beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and lead compounds listed in this table take precedence over the classification in Table 1.
62
Table 3. substances or Groups of Substances, and Technological or Manufacturing Processes that are Known to be Carcinogenic (NTP Fifth Annual Report on Carcinogens.
_________________________________________________________________
Chemical/Process Evidence in Evidence in Industry Human Animal
_________________________________________________________________
|
4-Aminobiphenyl |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
Analgesic Mixtures |
||
|
containing Phenacetin |
Sufficient |
Limited |
|
Arsenic and certain |
||
|
arsenic compounds |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
|
Asbestos |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
Azathioprine |
Sufficient |
Limited |
|
Benzene |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
Benzidine |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
Bis(chloromethyl)ether |
||
|
and technical grade |
||
|
chloromethyl methyl ether |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
1,4-Butianediol dimethyl |
||
|
sulfonate (Myleran) |
Sufficient |
Limited |
|
Chlorambucil |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
Chromium and certain |
||
|
chromium compounds |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
Conjugated Estrogens |
Sufficient |
Inadequate |
|
Cyclophosphamide |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
Diethylstilbestrol |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
Melphalan |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
Mustard gas |
Sufficient |
Limited |
|
2-Naphthylamine |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
Nickel refining |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
Rubber industry |
Sufficient |
- |
|
Soots, tars, and mineral oils |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
|
Thorium dioxide |
Sufficient |
- |
|
Vinyl chloride |
Sufficient |
Sufficient |
___________________
Note: These chemicals are equivalent to the Category I classification used by IARC. A dash (-) indicates no data was available for review.
63
Table 4. Substances or Groups Of Substances that may Reasonably be
Anticipated to be Carcinogens (NTP Fifth Annual Report on Carcinogens).
_________________________________________________________________
Chemical/Process Evidence in Evidence in Industry Human Animal
_________________________________________________________________
|
2-Acetylaminofluorene |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Acrylonitrile |
Limited |
Sufficient |
|
Adriamycin |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Aflatoxins |
Limited |
Sufficient |
|
2-Aminoanthraquinone |
* |
Sufficient |
|
o-Aminoazotoluene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
1-Amino-2-methylanthra-quinone |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Amitrole |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
o-Anisidine and |
||
|
o-anisidine hydrochloride |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Benz(a)anthracene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Benzo(b)fluoranthene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Benzo(j)fluoranthene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Benzo(k)fluoranthene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Benzo(a)pyrene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Benzotrichloride |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Beryllium and certain |
||
|
beryllium compounds |
Limited |
Sufficient |
|
Bischloroethyl nitrosourea |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
1,3-Butadiene |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Cadmium and certain |
||
|
cadmium compounds |
Limited |
Sufficient |
|
Carbon tetrachloride |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Chlorendic acid |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Chlorinated Paraffins |
||
|
(C12, 60% Chlorine) |
* |
Sufficient |
|
1(2-Chloroethyl)-3- |
||
|
Cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea . (CCNU) |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Chlorform |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
3-Chloro-2-methylpropene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
4-Chloroophenylenediamine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
C.I. Basic Red 9 |
||
|
Monohydrochloride |
Adequate (Magenta) |
Sufficient |
|
Para-cresidine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Cupferron |
* |
Sufficient |
64
_________________________________________________________________
Chemical/Process Evidence in Evidence in Industry Human Animal
_________________________________________________________________
|
Dacarbazine |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
DDT |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate |
* |
Sufficient |
|
2,4-Diaminotoluene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Dibenz(a,h)acridine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Dibenz(a,j)acridine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
1,2-Dibromo3chloropropane |
* |
Sufficient |
|
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
1,4-Dichlorobenzene |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
1,2-Dichloroethane |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Dichloromethane |
||
|
(Methylene Chloride) |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Diepoxybutane |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DOP) |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Diethyl sulfate |
Llmited |
Sufficient |
|
Diglycidyl Resorcinol Ether |
* |
Sufficient |
|
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Dimethyl sulfate |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Dimethylvinyl chloride |
* |
Sufficient |
|
1,4-Dioxane |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Direct Black 38 |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Direct Blue 6 |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Epichlorohydrin |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Estrogens (not conjugated) |
||
|
Estradiol-17 beta |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Estrone |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Ethinylestradiol |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Mestranol |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Ethyl acrylate |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Ethylene oxide |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Ethylene thiourea |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
65
_________________________________________________________________
Chemical/Process Evidence in Evidence in Industry Human Animal
_________________________________________________________________
|
Formaldehyde (gas) |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Hexachlorobenzene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Hexamethylphosphoramide |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Hydrazine and hydrazine |
||
|
sulfate |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Hydrazobenzene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Indeno(1,2,3cd)pyrene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Iron dextran complex |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Kepone |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Lead acetate and |
||
|
lead phosphate |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Lindane and other hexachloro |
||
|
cyclohexane isomers |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
2Methylaziridine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
4,4'Methylenebis(2chloroanile) (MBOCA) |
* |
Sufficient |
|
4, 4'Methylenebis (N, N |
||
|
dimethyl)benzenamine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
4,4'Methylenedianiline and its |
||
|
dihydrochloride |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Metronidazole |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Michler's ketone |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Mirex |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Nickel and certain |
||
|
nickel compounds |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Nitrilotriacetic acid |
* |
Sufficient |
|
5Nitrooanisidine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Nitrofen |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Nitrogen mustard |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
2Nitropropane |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Nnitrosodi*n*butylamine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Nnitrosodiethanolamine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Nnitrosodiethylamine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
NNitrosodimethylamine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
pNitrosodiphenylamine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Nnitrosodi*n*propylamine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
NnitrosoNethylurea |
* |
Sufficient |
|
NnitrosoNmethylurea |
* |
Sufficient |
|
NNitrosomethylvinylamine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Nnitrosomorpholine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Nnitrosonornicotine |
* |
Sufficient |
66
_________________________________________________________________
Chemical/Process Evidence in Evidence in Industry Human Animal
_________________________________________________________________
|
N-Nitrosopiperldine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
N-Nitrososarcosine |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Norethisterone |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
4,4'-Oxydianiline |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Oxymetholone |
Limited |
Sufficient |
|
Phenacetin |
Limited |
Sufficient |
|
Phenazopyridine |
||
|
hydrochloride |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Phenoyxbonzamine |
||
|
hydrochloride |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Phenytoin and sodium |
||
|
salt of phenytoin |
Limited |
Limited |
|
Polybrominated biphenyls |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Polychlorinated biphenyls |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Procarbazine, and procar- |
||
|
bazine hydrochloride |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Progesterone |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
1,3-Propane sultone |
* |
Sufficient |
|
betaProplolactone |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Propylene oxide |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Propylthiouracil |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
ReserpIne |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Saccharin |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Safrole |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Selenium sulfide |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Streptozotocin |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Sulfallate |
* |
Sufficient |
|
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- |
||
|
p-dioxin (TCDD) |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Tetrachloroethylene |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Thloacetamide |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Thiourea |
* |
Sufficient |
|
Toluene diisocyanate |
* |
Sufficient |
|
o-Toluidine and o-toluidine |
||
|
hydrochloride |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Toxaphene |
* |
Sufficient |
|
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
|
Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine |
||
|
sulfide |
Inadequate |
Sufficient |
67
_________________________________________________________________
Chemical/Process Evidence in Evidence in Industry Human Animal
_________________________________________________________________
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate * Sufficient
Urethane
Notes: An asterick (*) indicates no data was available for review chemicals
listed with Limited evidence in humans and sufficient evidence in animals
would be equivalent to Category 2A classification used by IARC. Those
with inadequate evidence/no data in humans and sufficient evidence in
animals would be equivalent to Category 2B (See summary evaluation notes
from Table 1).
68
Table 5. Carcinogens Regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (29 CFR Part 1910).
_________________________________________________________________
Chemical Standard PEL(TWA)
_________________________________________________________________
|
Asbestos |
1910.1001 |
0.2 |
|
fibers/cc |
||
|
Benzene |
1910.1028 |
1 ppm |
|
5 ppm |
||
|
(STEL) |
||
|
4-Nitrophenyl |
1910.1003 |
* |
|
1-Naphthylamine |
1910.1004 |
* |
|
Methyl Chloromethyl ether |
1910.1006 |
* |
|
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine |
||
|
(and its salts) |
1910.1007 |
* |
|
bis-Chloromethyl ether |
1910.1008 |
* |
|
2-Naphthylamine |
1910.1009 |
* |
|
Benzidine |
1910.1010 |
* |
|
4-Aminodiphenyl |
1910.1011 |
* |
|
Ethyleneimine |
1910.1012 |
* |
|
Beta-Propiolactone |
1910.1013 |
* |
|
2-Acetylaminofluorene |
1910.1014 |
* |
|
4-Dinethylaminoazobenzene |
1910.1015 |
* |
|
N-Nitrosodimethylamine |
1910.1016 |
* |
|
Vinyl chloride |
1910.1017 |
1 ppm |
|
inorganic Arsenic |
1910.1018 |
10 ug/m3 |
|
Coke oven emissions |
1910.1029 |
150 ug/m3 |
|
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloro- |
||
|
propane |
1910.1044 |
1 ppb |
|
Acrylonitrile |
1910.1045 |
2 ppm |
|
Ethylene oxide |
1910.1047 |
1 ppm |
|
Formaldehyde |
1910.1048 |
2 ppm |
|
(STEL) |
Note: (*) indicates that no PEL has been promulgated by OSHA. Exposure shall not be permitted by any route.